Rite dedicated to Osiris in Umm el Gab
Rite dedicated to Osiris
in Umm el Gab
The archaeological necropolis is located on the east bank of the Nile in Lower Nubia opposite the city of Ballana near the Sudanese border The site contains evidence of Lower Nubia a region that was once Lower Nubia at least 5,800 years ago Three major necropolises have been excavated from the First Dynasty of Egyptian Pharaoh Narmer which are associated with victory scenes royal crowns and the falcon of Horus Mesopotamian motifs have been found in Upper Egypt and Lower Nubia on the antiquities of the Nagada Cylindrical seals invented in Mesopotamia in the tombs of Nagada II and Nagada III reveal structures built mostly of wood and mudbrick Only a small amount of stone was used for the walls and the stone was used extensively in the production of ornaments and vessels
Sometimes used to make tamarix statues, made from about 50–60 species of flowering plants native to the arid regions of Eurasia and Africa were used to create hardwood works Only a small amount of stone was used for walls and floors. Stone was used extensively in the manufacture of ornaments vessels and in the construction of pharaonic buildings at Abydos and Naqada as well as the tombs at Saqqara. One of the most important indigenous woodworking techniques was the tenon-tenon jointing and construction of the Abydos boats
The Abydos boats are the work of Pharaoh Kassekemwi At the archaeological site of Abydos in Egypt a total of 14 boats have been found. The Abydos boats were the ancestors of the larger sun boats of later dynasties in which the pharaohs accompanied the sun god Ra and sailed together along the sacred Nile during the day In the tomb the boats have the bows pointing towards the Nile. Experts believe that these boats were royal boats intended for the pharaoh in the afterlife at Umm el-Gaab a significant feature that links them to an earlier design of sun sails built for Pharaoh Khufu of Cheops around 2500 BC. The Khufu boats are often identified as the oldest known sun sails They were buried in a pit at the foot of the Great Pyramid at Giza
Recinto amurallado de adobe de Khasekhemwy en Abidos Egipto / Egypt Abydos.
A large necropolis 20 kilometers south of Cairo adjacent to Saqqara, has been catalogued to contain at least 10,000 graves. The Abydos boats are not the only First Dynasty boat burials Nineteen boat burials have been found at Helwan a region south of Cairo Egypt but only four of these have been discovered Six boat burials have been found at Saqqara and four of these have been published Finally two full-size replicas of the boats made of clay were found in Abu Roash Hill a suburb of Cairo on the east bank of the Nile
The mudbricks washed away by the sands, were first discovered in 1988 at a site a mile from the royal tombs in Abydos The remains were originally thought to be walls. The vessels are located next to a large mudbrick structure known as Shunet el-Sebib, believed to have been the work of the 2nd Dynasty pharaoh Kasekhemwi The artifacts and burial methods found by archaeologists provide evidence of a ritually specialized society outside the tombs at Abydos including an unknown but possible ruler Scorpion I found in the tomb and possibly a pre-dynastic ruler confirmed on an ivory tablet.
Stone vase with the name of Khasekhemwy
The mudbricks washed away by the sands, were first discovered in 1988 at a site a mile from the royal tombs in Abydos The remains were originally thought to be walls. The vessels are located next to a large mudbrick structure known as Shunet el-Sebib, believed to have been the work of the 2nd Dynasty pharaoh Kasekhemwi The artifacts and burial methods found by archaeologists provide evidence of a ritually specialized society outside the tombs at Abydos including an unknown but possible ruler Scorpion I found in the tomb and possibly a pre-dynastic ruler confirmed on an ivory tablet.
Umm el-Qa'ab
Umm el-Gaab Abydos The association of this site with the cult of Osiris and the annual festival of Osiris Tomb at Umm el-Gaab late Second Dynasty during the period between Nynetjer Ninetjer also known as Ninetjer and Banetjer was the name of the third Horus pharaoh of the Second Dynasty of Egypt during the Early Dynastic Period and Pharaoh Khasekhemw. Activities during the Second and Third Dynasties To the east of the pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara eleven shafts 32 m deep were built and extended with horizontal tunnels These were incorporated into the existing foundation structure as it was extended eastward In the storage chambers more than 40,000 stone vessels were found many of which predate Djoser
Greek-Roman Inscription Prayer to Osiris
Chapter 169 of the Book of the Dead a text found in New Kingdom and later Kingdom tombs. The cult probably began at Umm al-Qaab, the royal tomb of the rulers of the Early Dynastic Period at Abydos Egypt Human sacrifice and the tombs of the First Dynasty pharaohs in the afterlife were performed by human sacrifice and the tombs of the First Dynasty pharaohs in the afterlife All of their tombs were closed at the same time for unknown reasons This practice ended when the dynasty ended to help the pharaohs in the work expected of them in the afterlife. Evidence of Osiris's connection to the site was emphasized after E. Amélineau discovered a basalt statue of Osiris in the restored tomb of King Djer He was the third pharaoh of the First Dynasty of Egypt who lived around 3000 BC
Egyptian hieroglyphics were developed by the Nubians who in the New Kingdom combined the forms of many objects with Egyptian gods such as stone statues wearing Egyptian collars textiles animal skins hardwoods grains carnelian gold and foods such as lentils vegetable oil and wine The Kushites produced large quantities of precious metals and with the Egyptian invasions the Nubians began to become an Egyptian culture by the middle of the 18th dynasty. Nubia's influence on the establishment of ancient Egypt in the pre-dynastic and pre-Pharaonic periods is noted including the white crowns that emerged at that time and the Nubian influence in helping to create a pharaonic civilization
Temple of Sety I Abydos
During the annual festival dedicated to Osiris which began in the Middle Kingdom, his temple became a place of pilgrimage The tomb of King Jer now renamed the Tomb of Osiris played a major role during the festival as his legend was revived along the route. The ritual significance of the passage connecting Umm el-Gaab and the Temple of Osiris was further emphasized by the discovery of six clay statues of Osiris just 40 meters from Jer's tomb
Kush was famous for its rich gold mines Gold Nubian Kush probably refers to the kingdom of Kush also known as Nubia a major source of gold in the ancient world The term Nubian Kush was known as Kush for 2,000 years based along the Nile River that stretched north through the desert During the colonial period during the New Kingdom it was often used to describe a flourishing civilization and region along the Nile in southern Ancient Egypt a center of trade in goods and natural resources at a central trading post at Kerma. In building the kingdom's wealth and power the complex relationships between the two lands including hunting produced social ornaments that appear on the walls of churches and tombs
