Graveyard in the Western Half Colony - egymorte



Graveyard in the Western Half Colony

The Aniba landscape is relatively flat The richest colonial cemetery in New Kingdom Nubia. The main cemetery is located in the area The former consisted of a square and vaulted mudbrick temple while the new temple was built in the shape of a pyramid. During the Ramesside and late 18th Dynasty the upper part of the structure was mainly divided into a rectangular area leading to various underground chambers used by generations as burial grounds In the Aniba landscape this tomb is cut into the sandstone outcroppings to the north of the tomb The private tomb of the New Kingdom Pennut is similar to the temples of Abu Simbel The tomb of Pennut has no preserved exterior decoration Like the tombs of Hekanefer and Djehutyhotep the tomb of Pennut has an entrance leading to a large rectangular chamber with an opening but there are no statues of the deceased and no stone sculptures of the gods There are indications that the interior was unfinished, but one statue has a ram's head carving possibly representing Hathor and a three-dimensional sculpture of the god is generally considered unusual for private tombs in the New Kingdom

Chapter 110 of Book of the Dead of Taysnakht / Life in the Fields of Iaru

The Egyptian colony of Nubia was responsible for the sandstone quarries associated with the Horus Temple of Miam Pennut deputy chief of Wavat in Lower Nubia, had a wife and two sons and the depictions of these people and their ancestors are on the walls of the tomb a large area where Aniba was located. During the reign of Ramses VI ca. 1143–1136 BC the tomb of Pennut instead of having wall paintings was decorated with reliefs from stone-cut tombs already decorated in Nubia Unlike the tomb of Dzhehutihotep it appears to have been carefully structured and arranged in a way that is consistent with the narrative of the bas-relief The eastern half of the tomb right is decorated with scenes and inscriptions of Pennut and his family affiliations while the western half of the tomb left has religious scenes taken from the Book of the Dead at the inner doorway to the statue niche


The Book of the Dead is on the southwestern wall Chapter 110 or The Field of Reeds the weighing of the heart in the afterlife is shown at the inner doorway to the statue niche These chapters are typical of the Book of the Dead found in private tombs of the Rameses period and on the northwestern wall Pennut is shown worshiping Hathor as he emerges from the Theban mountains Chapter 186 Book of the Dead a strong connection between Pennut's tomb and the class ideals of Egypt at the same time The western half of the tomb contains scenes related to chapters of the Book of the Dead The Field of Reeds the gods the deceased would encounter on his way there can be found on the western wall

Painted Relief, Temple of Derr, Lake Nasser, Lower Nubia, Egypt
On the right is Ramses II making an offering, god Horus

The appearance of Taweret in front of the mountain from which Hathor emerges comparable to the Theban scribe Ani's Book of the Dead suggests that the shift of the Theban funerary landscape to Aniba also suggests the power of Pennut and its confinement in the Nubian colony The shift of the funerary landscape from Thebes to Aniba suggests the power of Pennut with the stone-carved tomb of Nachtmin at Dehmit also comparable and dating back to the Ramesside period to the tombs of Djehutihotep Hekanefer and Pennut The tomb is largely unadorned but there are traces of painted walls in the first and third main chambers with three main chambers arranged along the axis and small shallow burial chambers accessed via ramps and two side chambers opening off the second main chamber Inside the tomb which is carved into the rock the text matches that of the Ramesside Book of the Dead On the northeastern wall Pennut his wife and son are shown worshipping Raharakhti and Osiris. The scene also includes

Pillared Hall, Temple of Derr, Lake Nasser, Lower Nubia,Egypt

The interior walls of the Ramesside clay-brick pyramid church of Tomb SA7 are decorated with paintings The clay-brick walls have been smoothed with plaster The contents are the judgment of the dead before Osiris and the goddess Hathor emerging from the mountain Compared to other high-level tombs in New Kingdom colonized Nubia the relatively high landscape decoration of Tomb Aniba and the wealth of the community buried there can also be explained by the high level of the tomb

Tomb of Pennut, Lake Nasser, Lower Nubia, Egypt,

The gold of honor The official could present himself to receive the gold of honor from the king in Nubia indicating Pennut's lesser status than the Egyptian official while Pennut only received objects as a reward. The eastern wall of Pennut is comparable to the models of Jehutihotep and Hekanefer The Theban and Amarna tombs received various gold objects from the king with Pennut receiving a silver vessel through the Kushite viceroy as an intermediary indicating that Pennut was Nubian and the Kushite viceroy Amenemope, receiving the gold of honor in front of the king The same sequence of scenes shows Pennut's ancestors emphasizing the ancestral aspect in other stone-carved tombs in the Nubian kingdom. Some of the ancestors associated with the eastern wall reliefs of Jehutihotep and Hekanefer belonged to families with long ties to the Egyptian colonial administration in Nubia. The main features of Pennut's tomb decoration do not include the ancestral shrine with statues carved in stone. Key to the establishment of power and position in colonial society the prominent role of the ancestors in tomb decoration